Reliability Heading link
| Internal Consistency | Internal consistency for the STHS© has been demonstrated in several studies, with Cronbach’s alpha between .81 to .88 for the State subscale and .79 to .91 for the Trait subscale. |
Validity Heading link
| Convergent Validity | Convergent validity has been demonstrated for the STHS© using the the EQ-5D-5L and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item Profile (PROMIS-29). |
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| Concurrent Validity | Concurrent validity of the STHS© has been demonstrated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Snyder State and Trait Hope Scales, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. |
| Content Validity | Content Validity of the STHS© has been established. Items were developed for the STHS© based on the degree to which each item reflected valid and reliable research findings in the hopelessness literature. Content validity was tested by having eight established nursing and psychology researchers review and critique the scale items for accuracy of content and clarity. This was completed using a content validity index. |
Publications Heading link
Below are a list of publications testing the reliability and validity of the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale©.
Dunn, S. L., Bomgaars, D., Van De Griend, K. M., Jensen, G. A., White, L. L., Goodyke, M. P., Luong, A., Gutierrez-Kapheim, M., & Tintle, N. L. (2022). Reliability and Validity of the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale in a Primarily Rural Population of Adults With Ischemic Heart Disease in the US Great Plains. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000886. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000886
Dunn, S. L., DeVon, H. A., Buursma, M. P., Boven, E., & Tintle, N. L. (2020). Reliability and validity of the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale in patients with heart disease and moderate to severe hopelessness. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 35(2), 126-130. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000647
Dunn, S. L., Olamijulo, G. B., Fuglseth, H. L., Holden, T. P., Swieringa, L. L., Sit, M. J., … & Tintle, N. L. (2014). The State-Trait Hopelessness Scale: Development and testing. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 36(4), 552-570. doi: 10.1177/0193945913507634